********************************
   .banking
********************************

(001)	excess funds collected=
		all payments collected-Total Agreed Payouts
	Units: $/Year
	Excess amount of funds collected or overspent.

(002)	Funds Available for Payouts= INTEG (
		penalty payments collected+payments collected from recipients-Total Agreed Payouts
	,
			0)
	Units: $
	The pool of funds available for use in making payments for 
			environmental services

********************************
   .Control
********************************
		
		Simulation Control Parameters

(003)	FINAL TIME  = 2100
	Units: Year
	The final time for the simulation.

(004)	INITIAL TIME  = 2000
	Units: Year
	The initial time for the simulation.

(005)	SAVEPER  = 0.25
	Units: Year [0,?]
	The frequency with which output is stored.

(006)	time dif=
		Time-TIME WHEN EXPECTATIONS BECOME IMPORTANT
	Units: Year
	Difference between model time and the time when expectations 
			become important.

(007)	TIME STEP  = 0.0625
	Units: Year [0,?]
	The time step for the simulation.

********************************
   .eco status and services
********************************

(008)	changing environmental services=
		((RELATION OF ECOSYSTEM TO SERVICES*Ecosystem Status)-Environmental Services
	)/TIME NEEDED FOR SERVICES TO BE REALIZED
	Units: benefits/Year
	The rate at which ecosystem benefits increase given changes in 
			ecosystem status.

(009)	changing the ecosystem=
		((pending ecosystem change)/TIME NEEDED FOR ECOSYSTEM CHANGE)
	Units: eco integrity/Year
	Changing ecosystem status due to ecosystem recovers as 
			determined by its normal recovery rate plus the effect of 
			ecosystem enhancement activities

(010)	current potential ecosystem status=
		Level of Environmentally Damaging Activities*MAX STATUS PER UNIT BY TYPE OF USE
	[damaging]
		+Level of Environmentally Friendly Activities*MAX STATUS PER UNIT BY TYPE OF USE
	[eco friendly]
	Units: eco integrity
	The maximum environmental integrity of the ecosystem

(011)	dissipating environmental services=
		Environmental Services*DISSIPATION FRACTION
	Units: benefits/Year
	
(012)	DISSIPATION FRACTION=
		0
	Units: 1/Year [0,0.2,0.01]
	For some environmental services there is a dissipation of the 
			services: four example in the case of groundwater overpumping 
			can dissipate that resource.

(013)	Ecosystem Status= INTEG (
		+changing the ecosystem+enhancing existing ecosystem,
			initial ecosystem status)
	Units: eco integrity
	The current environmental integrity of the ecosystem in question

(014)	enhancing existing ecosystem=
		max(0, (pending ecosystem change)*extent of direct enhancement activities
	)
		/TIME NEEDED FOR ECOSYSTEM CHANGE
	Units: eco integrity/Year
	These changes are in addition to the normal change that occurs 
			as resource use patters improve.

(015)	Environmental Services= INTEG (
		changing environmental services-dissipating environmental services,
			RELATION OF ECOSYSTEM TO SERVICES*Ecosystem Status)
	Units: benefits
	Environmental services and benefits being provided by the 
			ecosystem. As normally used these benefits do not include 
			harvested items such as timber.

(016)	extent of direct enhancement activities=
		LK ffect of environmentalism on enhancement activities(ratio of realized to long term environmental ethic
	)
	Units: Dmnl
	
(017)	initial ecosystem status=
		current potential ecosystem status
	Units: eco integrity [0,100,5]
	The initial value of the environmental integrity of the 
			ecosystem in question

(018)	LK ffect of environmentalism on enhancement activities(
		[(1,0)-(2,2)],(1,0),(1.5,0.35),(2,0.5))
	Units: Dmnl
	\!environmentalism compared to long term 'average'\!effect on 
			improving env status

(019)	max possible ecosystem status=
		total units*MAX STATUS PER UNIT BY TYPE OF USE[eco friendly]
	Units: eco integrity
	
(020)	max possible services=
		RELATION OF ECOSYSTEM TO SERVICES*max possible ecosystem status
	Units: benefits
	Maximum possible benefits to be derived from the ecosystem when 
			the ecosystem is in perfect condition

(021)	MAX STATUS PER UNIT BY TYPE OF USE[eco friendly]=
		1
	MAX STATUS PER UNIT BY TYPE OF USE[damaging]=
		0
	Units: eco integrity/units
	The maximum amount of ecological integrety that could associated 
			with a unit of resource.

(022)	pending ecosystem change=
		current potential ecosystem status-Ecosystem Status
	Units: eco integrity
	
(023)	RELATION OF ECOSYSTEM TO SERVICES=
		1
	Units: benefits/eco integrity
	A function describing the relationship between ecosystem 
			integrity and the benefits provided by the ecosystem\!\!

(024)	unit type:
		eco friendly, damaging
	
(025)	value of environmental services provided=
		ANNUAL VALUE PER ECOSYSTEM BENEFIT*Environmental Services
	Units: $/Year
	The monetary value of the benefits provided by the ecosystem -- 
			this is the total value of ecosystem services provided by the 
			ecosystem.

(026)	value of lost environmental services=
		max(0, (max possible services*ANNUAL VALUE PER ECOSYSTEM BENEFIT)-value of environmental services provided
	)
	Units: $/Year
	The value of environmental services that are no longer available 
			because of degradation of the ecosystem. Note that at times, 
			because some environmental services can linger after the 
			ecosystem is degraded, actual services may rarely be greater 
			than potential services. (e.g. if ecosystem is suddenly brought 
			to zero).

********************************
   .ethic and payout expectation
********************************

(027)	additional payment desired=
		(difference between payouts and expectation)*effect of environmental ethic on expectation of payment
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	The pending new expectation of payment.

(028)	adjust for absolute level of payment=
		LK effect of payment level(overall payment per profit ratio)
	Units: Dmnl
	The effect that the absolute level of payment has on change in 
			ethic. When payments are low compared to overall profitability 
			their effect becomes irrelevant.

(029)	changing due to profitability difference=
		(max(0,profitability difference)*turn off expectations of payment)/TIME RE PROF DIFFERENCE
	Units: $/(Year*Year*units)
	Changes to the expected payout level related to the 
			profitability difference between damaging and eco-friendly 
			resource uses. This change only has an effect when damaging uses 
			are more profitable and the payout recipients desire that that 
			profitability be matched.

(030)	changing ethic due to changing participation=
		(Current Underlying Environmental Ethic*relative change in friendly act-Current Underlying Environmental Ethic
	)/TIME TO CHANGE ETHIC DUE TO PARTICIPATION
	Units: environmentalism/Year
	Changes in environmental ethic due to changes in long term 
			resource use pattern.

(031)	changing ethic due to payments=
		potential change to ethic/TIME NEEDED TO CHANGE ETHIC DUE TO PAYMENT
	Units: environmentalism/Year
	Changing environmental ethic due to the effect of payments.

(032)	changing expectation=
		(additional payment desired/TIME TO CHANGE EXPECTATION)*turn off expectations of payment
	Units: $/Year/Year/units
	The rate at which expectation of payment changes

(033)	Current Underlying Environmental Ethic= INTEG (
		changing ethic due to payments+changing ethic due to changing participation
	-destroying environmental ethic,
			INITIAL ETHIC)
	Units: environmentalism
	The current long term commitment to environmental issues within 
			the community.

(034)	destroying environmental ethic=
		(Current Underlying Environmental Ethic/TIME NEEDED TO CHANGE ETHIC DUE TO EXCESSIVE PAYMENTS
	)
		*(effect of penalty payments)
	Units: environmentalism/Year
	The destruction of environmental ethic

(035)	difference between payouts and expectation=
		benefit payouts per unit-Expected Payout per Unit
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	collective payments received compared to expectation of payments

(036)	effect of environmental ethic on expectation of payment=
		LK effect of ethic on payment(ratio of realized to long term environmental ethic
	)
	Units: Dmnl
	The effect environmentalism (environmental ethic ) will have on 
			the expected level of payouts for environmental services. In 
			general we would expect of that high levels of environmentalism 
			would result in lower expectation of payout.

(037)	effect of payments on environmental ethic=
		LK effect of payments on ethic(difference between payouts and expectation
	/BASIC PROFITABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE ACTIVITIES)
	Units: Dmnl
	The effective that payments for environmental services will have 
			on the existing level of environmental ethic.

(038)	effect of penalty payments=
		LK effect of penalties(weighted realized fractional penalty payment rate)
	Units: Dmnl
	The effect that excessive penalties on damaging use have on the 
			destruction of environmental ethic. This might happen when tax 
			rates are considered too high or unfair.

(039)	environmental ethic as influenced by payments=
		Current Underlying Environmental Ethic*effect of payments on environmental ethic
	Units: environmentalism [0,3,0.01]
	A new level of environmentalism expected after the influence of 
			payments for environmental services

(040)	expectation phase in=
		LK expect phasein(time dif)
	Units: Dmnl
	
(041)	Expected Payout per Unit= INTEG (
		changing expectation+changing due to profitability difference,
			initial payout expected)
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	The current expectation of payout for environmental services on 
			the part of people carrying out environmentally friendly 
			activities.

(042)	general profits=
		(profitability of damaging activities+BASIC PROFITABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE ACTIVITIES
	)/2
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	A general measure of profitability of resource use. The 
			unweighted average value without payments.

(043)	initial payout expected= INITIAL(
		all payments collected/Level of Environmentally Friendly Activities)
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	The initial expectation of payments for environmental services 
			should at least make up for the difference between profitability 
			of damaging and friendly uses. It could be based on the 
			profitability difference, or on the current level of payments 
			being collected.

(044)	LK effect of ethic on payment(
		[(0,0)-(2,2)],(0,1.3),(0.224532,1.27528),(0.486486,1.21348),(1,1),(1.48857
	,0.764045),(2,0.5))
	Units: Dmnl
	A lookup function which describes the effect that environmental 
			ethic will have on expectation of payment for environmental 
			services \!Ratio of current ethic to long term ethic\!effect on 
			payment Dmnl

(045)	LK effect of payment level(
		[(0,0)-(0.1,1)],(0,0),(0.00686071,0.0168539),(0.01,0.05),(0.025,0.5),(0.03
	,0.648876),(0.0343035,0.730337),(0.0405405,0.820225),(0.05,0.9),(0.07,1),(
	0.1,1))
	Units: Dmnl
	A graphical function which describes the relation between the 
			general level of payments compared to profitability and the 
			effect that payments will have on environmental ethic. When 
			payments are small the effect approaches zero \!mean of payments 
			and expectations relative to average profitability\!effect on 
			expected change in ethic

(046)	LK effect of payments on ethic(
		[(-0.5,0)-(1,2)],(-0.430743,0.730512),(-0.2,0.75),(-0.109797,0.841871),(0
	,1),(0.1,1.2),(0.146115,1.22494),(0.2,1.2),(0.239865,1.14922),(0.3,1),(0.440878
	,0.743875),(0.60473,0.610245),(0.766892,0.570156),(0.946791,0.561247))
	Units: Dmnl
	A lookup function describing the relationship made between 
			payments for environmental services and the effect that such 
			payments will have on environmental ethic \!Payment - 
			expectation divided by normal profitability \!Effect on 
			environmental ethic

(047)	LK effect of penalties(
		[(0,0)-(1,2)],(0,0),(0.15,0),(0.313929,0.0898876),(0.419958,0.247191),(0.50104
	,0.483146),(0.611227,0.674157),(0.790021,0.904494),(1,1))
	Units: Dmnl
	A lookup function which describes the relationship between 
			penalties on damaging uses and the distruction of environmental 
			ethic. \!tax rate on damaging uses\!effect on destroying ethic

(048)	long term environmental ethic=
		SMOOTHI(Current Underlying Environmental Ethic, TIME TO SMOOTH LNG TRM ETHIC
	, INITIAL ETHIC)
	Units: environmentalism
	The long term level of environmentalism in the community.

(049)	long term level of friendly act=
		SMOOTH(Level of Environmentally Friendly Activities, TIME TO SMOOTH PROPORTION COMPARISON
	)
	Units: units
	
(050)	overall payment per profit ratio=
		payments collected per unit/general profits
	Units: Dmnl
	A general measure of how important payments are with respect to 
			profitability of the possible resource uses.

(051)	payments collected per unit=
		all payments collected/Level of Environmentally Friendly Activities
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	This payments measure is based on both payments actually 
			received and expected payments

(052)	potential change to ethic=
		(environmental ethic as influenced by payments-Current Underlying Environmental Ethic
	)*adjust for absolute level of payment
	Units: environmentalism
	The possible amount of change in environmental ethic which could 
			occur

(053)	profitability difference=
		adjusted profitability of damaging activities-ethic effected profitability of friendly activities
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	Difference between damaging use profitability and ecofriendly 
			use profitability

(054)	relative change in friendly act=
		Level of Environmentally Friendly Activities/long term level of friendly act
	Units: Dmnl
	A comparison of the current level of eco-friendly activities 
			compared to the level of activities that were carried out in the 
			relatively recent past.

(055)	turn off expectations of payment=
		IF THEN ELSE(time dif<0, 0, expectation phase in)
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,1]
	Switch to turn off all expectation. Make this value zero to turn 
			all expectation off.

********************************
   .main
********************************

(056)	actual penalty payments per unit=
		MIN( desired penalty payments for lost services/Level of Environmentally Damaging Activities
	, maximum reasonable penalty charge)
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	The amount of penalty charged for each unit of environmentally 
			damaging activity

(057)	adjusted profitability of damaging activities=
		profitability of damaging activities-actual penalty payments per unit
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	Profitability of environmentally damaging activities after 
			taking into account penalty payments

(058)	adjusted profitability of friendly activities=
		(BASIC PROFITABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE ACTIVITIES
		+benefit payouts per unit)
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	The profitability of friendly activities after taking into 
			account environmental payments

(059)	all payments collected=
		payments collected from recipients+penalty payments collected
	Units: $/Year
	The amount of money paid for environmental services that have 
			been provided.

(060)	benefit payouts per unit=
		MIN( Total Agreed Payouts/Level of Environmentally Friendly Activities,BASIC PROFITABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE ACTIVITIES
	*MAX PAYOUT FRACTION)
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	Amount of money received per unit of resource for carrying out 
			eco-friendly activities (For example: dollars per year per 
			hectare). This payout is capped at a (fairly high) percentage of 
			eco-friendly use profitability.

(061)	current income level=
		income from damaging activities+income from friendly activities
	Units: $/Year
	The overall level of income in the community -- total amount 
			from both resource use types

(062)	desired penalty payments for lost services=
		value of lost environmental services*FRACTION OF LOST ECOSERVICES TO BE RECOVERED VIA PENALTIES
	Units: $/Year
	The penalty which resource managers would want to charge 
			ignoring the ability of the resource users to pay

(063)	effect of environmental need on payment amount=
		LK effect of environmental need on payment(need for environmental improvement
	)
	Units: Dmnl
	The effective at the need for environmental approve meant will 
			have on the desirability of making payments for environmental 
			services

(064)	effect of environmentalism on apparent profitability=
		LK eff envlsm on switching(ratio of realized to long term environmental ethic
	)
	Units: Dmnl
	The effect that environmentalism has on the rate of switching to 
			environmentally friendly activities

(065)	ethic effected profitability of friendly activities=
		adjusted profitability of friendly activities*effect of environmentalism on apparent profitability
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	The apparent profitability of ecofriendly activities after 
			taking into account the value of environmental ethic.

(066)	financial benefits of switching to damaging activities=
		SMOOTH(
		(adjusted profitability of damaging activities-adjusted profitability of friendly activities
	)
		/financial threshhold for change to damaging activities, 
		TIME TO SMOOTH DAMG SWITCHING)
	Units: Dmnl
	The financial benefits which users get if they switch to 
			environmentally damaging activities

(067)	financial benefits of switching to friendly activities=
		SMOOTH((ethic effected profitability of friendly activities-adjusted profitability of damaging activities
	)/financial threshhold for change to friendly activities
		, TIME TO SMOOTH FRDLY SWITCHING)
	Units: Dmnl
	The benefits of switching are based on the expected increase in 
			income compared to some threshhold value which would make 
			switching worthwhile.

(068)	financial threshhold for change to damaging activities=
		FRACTION CHANGE IN PROFIT NEEDED*adjusted profitability of friendly activities
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	The amount of income per resource unit which should be exceeded 
			to make swintching resource activities worthwhile.

(069)	financial threshhold for change to friendly activities=
		FRACTION CHANGE IN PROFIT NEEDED*adjusted profitability of damaging activities
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	The amount of income per resource unit which should be exceeded 
			to make swintching resource activities worthwhile.

(070)	income from damaging activities=
		Level of Environmentally Damaging Activities*adjusted profitability of damaging activities
	Units: $/Year
	The overall level of income from damaging activities within the 
			community

(071)	income from friendly activities=
		Level of Environmentally Friendly Activities*adjusted profitability of friendly activities
	Units: $/Year
	The overall level of income in the community resulting from 
			environmentally friendly activities

(072)	increasing damaging activities=
		(Level of Environmentally Friendly Activities*LK effect of financial benefits on switching to damaging uses
	(financial benefits of switching to damaging activities))/TIME NEEDED TO SWITCH TO DAMAGING ACTIVITIES
	Units: units/Year
	The rate at which resource users switch to environmentally 
			damaging activities

(073)	initial units damaging=
		50
	Units: units
	initial number of units of resource under damaging uses

(074)	INITIAL UNITS FRIENDLY=
		50
	Units: units
	Initial number of units of resource under environmentally 
			friendly uses

(075)	Level of Environmentally Damaging Activities= INTEG (
		increasing damaging activities-switching to friendly activities,
			initial units damaging)
	Units: units
	The amount of environmentally damaging activities currently 
			underway

(076)	Level of Environmentally Friendly Activities= INTEG (
		-increasing damaging activities+switching to friendly activities,
			INITIAL UNITS FRIENDLY)
	Units: units
	The amount of environmentally friendly resource use activities 
			currently underway.

(077)	LK eff envlsm on switching(
		[(1,0.8)-(3,2)],(1,1),(1.25,1.15),(1.5,1.25),(1.8,1.35),(2.05198,1.41348)
	,(2.35,1.45),(3,1.5))
	Units: Dmnl
	A lookup function which describes the relationship between 
			environmentalism and its effect on switching to environmentally 
			friendly uses \!environmental ethic compared to long term 
			ethic\!effect on profitability needed to switch to friendly uses 
			Dmnl

(078)	LK effect of environmental need on payment(
		[(0,0)-(1,1)],(0,0.5),(0.195426,0.707865),(0.351351,0.83427),(0.496881,0.918539
	),(0.609148,0.963483),(0.75,1),(1,1))
	Units: Dmnl
	A look up function describing how dropping level of 
			environmental need might lessen the need for payments. If the 
			level of environmental need is less, then the urgency of making 
			payments is lessened as well. \!Level of environmental 
			need\!Effect on payments for environmental services

(079)	LK effect of financial benefits on switching to damaging uses(
		[(0,0)-(5,4)],(0,0),(0.5,0),(1,0.1),(1.23701,0.303371),(1.49688,0.865169)
	,(1.73597,1.22472),(2.03992,1.49438),(2.55509,1.80899),(3.31476,2.1236),(4.07443
	,2.33708),(5,2.5))
	Units: Dmnl
	A lookup function describing the relationship between benefits 
			received and the actual switch to environmentally damaging 
			activities.\!Ratio of expected increase in profit to threshold 
			needed for changeover\!effect on switching uses Dmnl

(080)	LK effect of financial benefits on switching to friendly uses(
		[(0,0)-(5,4)],(0,0),(0.5,0),(1,0.1),(1.23701,0.303371),(1.49688,0.865169)
	,(1.73597,1.22472),(2.03992,1.49438),(2.55509,1.80899),(3.31476,2.1236),(4.07443
	,2.33708),(5,2.5))
	Units: Dmnl
	A table function describing the relationship between potential 
			financial benefits and the affect on users switching to 
			environmentally friendly uses.\!f of change in profitability 
			compared to threshold\!effect on switching Dmnl

(081)	MAX PAYOUT FRACTION=
		0.75
	Units: Dmnl
	A fraction used to palce a cap on the maximum payout to friendly 
			users. It is expressed as a fraction of the basic friendly use 
			profitability. Typically this will come into play when the 
			number of friendly units is small.

(082)	maximum reasonable penalty charge=
		fractional penalty rate limit*profitability of damaging activities
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	A maximum penalty charge that resource users could be expected 
			to pay based on the profitability of the activities they are 
			carrying out

(083)	minimum monetary requirement from the resource=
		NUMBER OF USERS*REQUIRED RESOURCE INCOME PER USER
	Units: $/Year
	Income required by the community from activities making use of 
			the resource.

(084)	need for environmental improvement=
		IF THEN ELSE(turn off effect of lessening environmental need=0, 1, 1-Ecosystem Status
	/max possible ecosystem status)
	Units: Dmnl
	The need for improvement in the environment.

(085)	NUMBER OF USERS=
		25
	Units: user
	Number of users (e.g. farmer families) supported by activities 
			within the environment in question

(086)	owners relative monetary security=
		current income level/minimum monetary requirement from the resource
	Units: Dmnl
	A community wide measure of income availability compared to that 
			needed from the resource.

(087)	payments collected from recipients=
		fraction of ecosystem services value charged to recipients*value of environmental services provided
	Units: $/Year
	Amount of money collected from recipients of ecosystem services

(088)	payments collected per friendly unit=
		payments collected from recipients/Level of Environmentally Friendly Activities
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	
(089)	penalty payments collected=
		actual penalty payments per unit*Level of Environmentally Damaging Activities
	Units: $/Year
	Penalty payments collected for damaging resource use.

(090)	profitability of damaging activities=
		BASIC PROFITABILITY OF DAMAGING ACTIVITIES+changing profitability of damaging activities
	+(NOISE ON OFF*(BASIC PROFITABILITY OF DAMAGING ACTIVITIES
		*noise effect on damaging use profitability))
	Units: $/units/Year
	The uncorrected profitability of damaging activities as effected 
			by optional user supplied inputs

(091)	proportion of use that is damaging=
		Level of Environmentally Damaging Activities/total units
	Units: Dmnl
	
(092)	RELATIVE REPLACEMENT COSTS=
		1.3
	Units: Dmnl
	A multiplier describing the relative cost of replacing services 
			that previously had been provided by the ecosystem. Typically 
			this will be more than 1.0.

(093)	REQUIRED RESOURCE INCOME PER USER=
		450
	Units: $/user/Year
	The minimum amount of money required from the resource by each 
			"user" each year

(094)	switching to friendly activities=
		(Level of Environmentally Damaging Activities/TIME NEEDED TO SWITCH TO FRIENDLY ACTIVITIES
	)
		*LK effect of financial benefits on switching to friendly uses(financial benefits of switching to friendly activities
	)
	Units: units/Year
	The rate at which resource users are switching to 
			environmentally friendly activities

(095)	total units=
		Level of Environmentally Damaging Activities+Level of Environmentally Friendly Activities
	Units: units
	Total number of units available. In most situations this is a 
			constant.

(096)	weighted realized fractional penalty payment rate=
		(actual penalty payments per unit/profitability of damaging activities)*proportion of use that is damaging
	Units: Dmnl
	The fraction of normal profitability actually paid as penalty 
			weighted by the fraction of land uses that are taxed (i.e. 
			damaging uses). It is hypothesized that excessivly high tax 
			rates will cause a weakening of overall environmental ethic.

********************************
   .negotiating payments
********************************

(097)	accepting decreases in payout=
		MIN((current expected payouts-Total Agreed Payouts)/TIME NEEDED FOR DECREASES TO BE ACCEPTED
	,0)
	Units: $/(Year*Year)
	Decreases in payments accepted by resource users.

(098)	change due to availability of funds from payments=
		(all payments collected-Total Agreed Payouts)/(TIME NEEDED FOR AVAILABILITY TO EFFECT PAYMENTS
		*LK effect of low collections(overall payment per profit ratio))
	Units: $/(Year*Year)
	Changes in agreed payouts due to the availability of payments 
			made for environmental services. The change is more rapid (i.e. 
			has more influence ) as payments collected drop.

(099)	change due to expectation of payout=
		max((current expected payouts-Total Agreed Payouts)/TIME NEEDED FOR EXPECTATION TO BE REALIZED
	, 0)
	Units: $/(Year*Year)
	The changing amount of payouts caused by the expectation of 
			users who have adopted to carry out friendly activities.

(100)	changing payout due to dropping environmental need=
		(Total Agreed Payouts*effect of environmental need on payment amount-Total Agreed Payouts
	)
			/TIME FOR ENVIRONMENTAL NEED CHANGES TO HAVE AN EFFECT
	Units: $/(Year*Year)
	Changes in payouts due to dropping environmental need. As 
			environmental need decreases the need for payments also 
			decreases.

(101)	current expected payouts=
		Expected Payout per Unit*Level of Environmentally Friendly Activities
	Units: $/Year
	Total amount of payouts expected.

(102)	initial agreed payouts= INITIAL(
		initial payout expected*Level of Environmentally Friendly Activities)
	Units: $/Year
	
(103)	LK effect of low collections(
		[(0,0)-(0.04,1)],(0,0.05),(0.00128898,0.547753),(0.00261954,0.713483),(0.0049896
	,0.856742),(0.00760915,0.929775),(0.00997921,0.966292),(0.015,1))
	Units: Dmnl
	As payments drop the level of these payments becomes more 
			important in determining the new agreed payout. \!all payments 
			collected per unit / average profitability per unit\!fractional 
			decrease in time needed to complete negotiation

(104)	Total Agreed Payouts= INTEG (
		change due to availability of funds from payments+change due to expectation of payout
	+accepting decreases in payout+changing payout due to dropping environmental need
	,
			initial agreed payouts)
	Units: $/Year
	Payouts made for environmental services resulting from good 
			management of the ecosystem.

********************************
   .noise
********************************

(105)	Change in Pink Noise=
		IF THEN ELSE(Noise type switch 0 is rnd normal=1, (White Noise is uni - Pink Noise
	)/Correlation Time, (White Noise is norm - Pink Noise)/Correlation Time)
	Units: Dmnl/Year
	Change in the pink noise value; Pink noise is a first order 
			exponential smoothing delay of the white noise input.

(106)	Correlation Time=
		5
	Units: Year [0.1,10,0.1]
	The correlation time constant for the pink noise.

(107)	Mean=
		0
	Units: Dmnl
	The mean of the pink noise process.

(108)	noise effect on damaging use profitability=
		Pink Noise
	Units: Dmnl
	
(109)	Noise Seed=
		2
	Units: Dmnl [1,35,1]
	The noise seed determines which sequence of realizations for the 
			random process are used. Simulations with the same noise seed 
			will yield the same sequence, so different simulations can be 
			compared. Changing the see changes the realizations.

(110)	Noise type switch 0 is rnd normal=
		0
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,1]
	
(111)	Pink Noise= INTEG (
		Change in Pink Noise,
			Mean)
	Units: Dmnl
	Pink Noise is first-order autocorrelated noise. Pink noise 
			provides a realistic noise input to models in which the next 
			random shock depends in part on the previous shocks. The user 
			can specify the correlation time. The mean and standard 
			deviation are specified by the user. (based directly on Sterman 
			2000).

(112)	Standard Deviation for pink noise=
		0.05
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,0.01]
	The standard deviation of the pink noise process.

(113)	White Noise is norm=
		Mean + (((Standard Deviation for pink noise^2)*(2-(TIME STEP/Correlation Time
	))/(TIME STEP/Correlation Time))^0.5)*RANDOM NORMAL(-10, 10, 0 , 1 , Noise Seed
	)
	Units: Dimensionless
	White noise input to the pink noise process. The user specifies 
			the mean, standard deviation, and noise seed. The white noise 
			input is the standard normal distribution, scaled so that the 
			standard deviation of the resulting pink noise is equal to the 
			parameter specified by the user.

(114)	White Noise is uni=
		Mean + Standard Deviation for pink noise*((24*Correlation Time/TIME STEP)
	^0.5*(RANDOM UNIFORM(-0.5, 0.5, Noise Seed)
		))
	Units: Dmnl
	White noise input to the pink noise process. The user specified 
			the mean, standard deviation, and noise seed. The white noise 
			input is drawn from a uniform distrib ution, then scaled to 
			yield the correct standard deviation for the pink noise.

********************************
   .payoff investigations
********************************

(115)	POff Ecosys status per payout=
		(Ecosystem Status)/(Total Agreed Payouts+0.01)
	Units: eco integrity/($/Year)
	
********************************
   .reality checks
********************************

(116)	RC no damaging use means low penalties collected:THE CONDITION:
		TI damaging activities is very small:IMPLIES:penalty payments collected=RC STEP CHECK
	(0.01, actual penalty payments per unit
			, 1)
	Units: **undefined**
	
(117)	RC Start Time=
		2020
	Units: Year
	
(118)	TI damaging activities is very small:TEST INPUT:
		Level of Environmentally Damaging Activities=RC STEP(Level of Environmentally Damaging Activities
	, 0.02)
	Units: **undefined**
	
********************************
   .realized environmental ethic
********************************

(119)	changing realized ethic=
		((Current Underlying Environmental Ethic
		+added fractional change*Current Underlying Environmental Ethic)
		*LK effect of owners monetary need(owners relative monetary security)
		-Realized Environmental Ethic)
		/TIME NEEDED FOR REALIZATION
	Units: environmentalism/Year
	Adjusting underlying ethic to financial realities

(120)	INITIAL ETHIC=
		0.5
	Units: environmentalism [0,1,0.05]
	The initial value of environmental ethic

(121)	LK effect of owners monetary need(
		[(0,0)-(1,1)],(0.25,0),(0.370062,0.365169),(0.528067,0.640449),(0.748441,
	0.873595),(1,1))
	Units: Dmnl
	Effect of monetary need on the resource users 
			environmentalism\!Relative monetary need\!Effect on 
			environmentalism

(122)	ratio of realized to long term environmental ethic=
		Realized Environmental Ethic/long term environmental ethic
	Units: Dmnl
	the relation between current and long term environmental ethic

(123)	Realized Environmental Ethic= INTEG (
		changing realized ethic,
			INITIAL ETHIC)
	Units: environmentalism
	This represents the current underlying strength of environmental 
			ethic as modified by immediate monetary concerns

********************************
   .sspp pes and env ethic 2007-09-25
********************************

********************************
   .time constants
********************************

(124)	TIME FOR ENVIRONMENTAL NEED CHANGES TO HAVE AN EFFECT=
		3
	Units: Year [1,10,1]
	The time needed for decreases due to dropping environmental need 
			to have effect.

(125)	TIME NEEDED FOR AVAILABILITY TO EFFECT PAYMENTS=
		3
	Units: Year [0,6,0.1]
	Time needed for avialability of funds to influence payouts to 
			resource users.

(126)	TIME NEEDED FOR DECREASES TO BE ACCEPTED=
		8
	Units: Year [1,15,0.5]
	Time needed for decrease in payments to be accepted

(127)	TIME NEEDED FOR ECOSYSTEM CHANGE=
		5
	Units: Year [5,60,5]
	The mean time needed for ecosystem recovery

(128)	TIME NEEDED FOR EXPECTATION TO BE REALIZED=
		3
	Units: Year
	Time needed for expectation of higher payouts to be realized

(129)	TIME NEEDED FOR REALIZATION=
		1
	Units: Year
	time needed to readjust environmentalizm to the current 
			financial situation

(130)	TIME NEEDED FOR SERVICES TO BE REALIZED=
		1
	Units: Year [0.25,10,0.25]
	Although services are always available it does take time for the 
			environment to produce those services. That is, changes in the 
			environment might not be reflected in the services provided 
			until some time has elapsed.

(131)	TIME NEEDED TO CHANGE ETHIC DUE TO EXCESSIVE PAYMENTS=
		5
	Units: Year
	Typical time needed for environmentalism to change. This can be 
			modified by various factors.

(132)	TIME NEEDED TO CHANGE ETHIC DUE TO PAYMENT=
		3
	Units: Year
	Typical time needed for environmentalism to change. This can be 
			modified by various factors.

(133)	TIME NEEDED TO SWITCH TO DAMAGING ACTIVITIES=
		5
	Units: Year
	The amount of time needed to switch to damaging activities

(134)	TIME NEEDED TO SWITCH TO FRIENDLY ACTIVITIES=
		5
	Units: Year
	The amount of time needed to switch from damaging to friendly 
			activities

(135)	TIME RE PROF DIFFERENCE=
		3
	Units: Year
	Average time that would be required for the profitability 
			difference to be absorbed into the payments desired.

(136)	TIME TO CHANGE ETHIC DUE TO PARTICIPATION=
		3
	Units: Year
	Typical time needed for environmentalism to change. This can be 
			modified by various factors.

(137)	TIME TO CHANGE EXPECTATION=
		1.5
	Units: Year
	The time over which expectation of payment is formulated in the 
			minds of community members

(138)	TIME TO SMOOTH DAMG SWITCHING=
		2
	Units: Year
	The amount of time it takes for changes in apparent 
			profitability to influence resource users to switch.

(139)	TIME TO SMOOTH FRDLY SWITCHING=
		2
	Units: Year
	The amount of time it takes for changes in apparent 
			profitability to influence resource users.

(140)	TIME TO SMOOTH LNG TRM ETHIC=
		10
	Units: Year [0,60,5]
	The length of time over which long-term environmentalism is 
			created

(141)	TIME TO SMOOTH PROPORTION COMPARISON=
		5
	Units: Year
	
********************************
   .user adjustments - ecoservices
********************************

(142)	BASE ECOSERVICES CHARGE RATE=
		0
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,0.01]
	The maximum penalty rate permitted as a fraction of damaging use 
			profitability. Regardless of the environmental services lost, 
			penalties will never be higher than this fractional rate (i.e. 
			10% of profitability).

(143)	changes to charge rate=
		RAMP(total change in charge rate/over e years n,starting in year m,starting in year m
	+over e years n)
		+
		RAMP(-total change in charge rate/over g years p,ending in year o,ending in year o
	+over g years p)
	Units: Dmnl
	
(144)	ending in year o=
		2100
	Units: Year [2030,2060,1]
	
(145)	FRACTION OF ECOSERVICES CHARGED TO USERS=
		BASE ECOSERVICES CHARGE RATE+changes to charge rate
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,0.01]
	The fraction of ecosystem services value that will be charged to 
			recipients of those ecosystem services.

(146)	fraction of ecosystem services value charged to recipients=
		FRACTION OF ECOSERVICES CHARGED TO USERS
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,0.01]
	The fraction of the value of ecosystem services that is paid 
			back to resource users who are using environmentally friendly 
			activities

(147)	over e years n=
		5
	Units: Year [1,10,1]
	
(148)	over g years p=
		2
	Units: Year [1,10,1]
	
(149)	starting in year m=
		2040
	Units: Year [2020,2050,5]
	
(150)	total change in charge rate=
		1
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,0.01]
	
********************************
   .user adjustments - ethic
********************************

(151)	added fractional change=
		RAMP(fractional change/implemented over X years, start year , start year+
	implemented over X years)  -RAMP(fractional change/dissipate over x years,
	from year Y,from year Y+dissipate over x years)
	Units: Dmnl
	A test input allowing the extra addition of environmental ethic

(152)	dissipate over x years=
		4
	Units: Year
	
(153)	fractional change=
		0
	Units: Dmnl [0,0.1,0.01]
	fractional change to ethic due to outside influence, training, 
			coomunity action etc.

(154)	from year Y=
		2035
	Units: Year [2035,2100,1]
	
(155)	implemented over X years=
		2
	Units: Year [0.5,10,0.5]
	length of time for implementation of added ethic

(156)	start year=
		2030
	Units: Year [2000,2100,5]
	
********************************
   .user adjustments - penalties
********************************

(157)	adjustment look up(
		[(0,0)-(1,4)],(0,0.5),(0.015,0.73),(0.03,0.87),(0.05,0.93),(0.1,0.98),(0.2
	,1),(0.298129,1.07865),(0.385447,1.19663),(0.5,1.5),(1,3))
	Units: Dmnl
	\!proportion of use that is damaging\!effect on penalty tax

(158)	BASE ALLOWED PENALTY RATE=
		0
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,0.01]
	The maximum penalty rate permitted as a fraction of damaging use 
			profitability. Regardless of the environmental services lost, 
			penalties will never be higher than this fractional rate (i.e. 
			10% of profitability).

(159)	changes to pen rate=
		RAMP(total change in pen rate/over e years,starting in year d,starting in year d
	+over e years)
		+
		RAMP(-total change in pen rate/over g years,ending in year f,ending in year f
	+over g years)
	Units: Dmnl
	
(160)	ending in year f=
		2100
	Units: Year [2030,2100,1]
	
(161)	fractional penalty rate limit=
		BASE ALLOWED PENALTY RATE*penalty rate adjustment+changes to pen rate
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,0.01]
	Current fractional charge as a fraction of profitability of 
			damaging activities. This is a cap on penalty payments if we 
			believe that the full amount of lost services cannot be 
			recovered.

(162)	over e years=
		5
	Units: Year [1,10,1]
	
(163)	over g years=
		2
	Units: Year [1,10,1]
	
(164)	penalty adjustment due to damaging use amount=
		adjustment look up(proportion of use that is damaging)
	Units: Dmnl
	
(165)	penalty rate adjustment=
		IF THEN ELSE(switch penalty adjustment on off=0, 1, penalty adjustment due to damaging use amount
	)
	Units: Dmnl
	
(166)	starting in year d=
		2040
	Units: Year [2020,2050,5]
	
(167)	switch penalty adjustment on off=
		0
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,1]
	
(168)	total change in pen rate=
		0.08
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,0.01]
	
********************************
   .user adjustments - primary
********************************

(169)	ANNUAL VALUE PER ECOSYSTEM BENEFIT=
		20
	Units: $/benefits/Year [0,50,1]
	The annual value of each net of benefit provided from the 
			ecosystem. Note: as modeled here these units of benefits are 
			provided by the whole ecosystem in question, not by each unit of 
			the resource.

(170)	BASIC PROFITABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE ACTIVITIES=
		100
	Units: $/(Year*units) [0,200,5]
	Normal profitability of eco-friendly activities prior to taking 
			into account payouts for environmental services, or 
			environmental ethic.

(171)	FRACTION CHANGE IN PROFIT NEEDED=
		0.1
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,0.01]
	The fractional increase in profit required in order for switches 
			to another use type to be initiated.

(172)	FRACTION OF LOST ECOSERVICES TO BE RECOVERED VIA PENALTIES=
		1
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,0.01]
	Fraction of lost environmental services that we wish to recover 
			from resource users carrying out damaging activities.

(173)	LK expect phasein(
		[(0,0)-(2,1)],(0,0),(0,1))
	Units: Dmnl
	Look up to phase in expectations of payment if that is desired 
			(change second x-axis variable to desired end of phase in time 
			e.g. 2 or 5) \!time difference\!expectation effect

(174)	NOISE ON OFF=
		0
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,1]
	
(175)	TIME WHEN EXPECTATIONS BECOME IMPORTANT=
		2040
	Units: Year [2000,2100,1]
	The date when expectations of payment start to play a role. If 
			there are no payouts it is possible (likely?) that there is no 
			expectation of payout. Usually this is the time that payments 
			are implemented.

(176)	turn off effect of lessening environmental need=
		1
	Units: Dmnl [0,1,1]
	This is normally turned on (1): increasing environmental status 
			will decrease the need for payments. If it is turned off (0) 
			then payments will continue to be made at the normal rate 
			regardless of the status of the environment.

********************************
   .user adjustments - profitability
********************************

(177)	BASIC PROFITABILITY OF DAMAGING ACTIVITIES=
		100
	Units: $/(Year*units) [0,800,5]
	The underlying profitability of eco-damaging activities 
			uninfluenced by penalties or other influences.

(178)	changing profitability of damaging activities=
		effect of changes
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	
(179)	effect of changes=
		RAMP((total pct change in d prof*BASIC PROFITABILITY OF DAMAGING ACTIVITIES
	)/over y years,starting in year x,starting in year x
		+over y years)
		+RAMP((-total pct change in d prof*BASIC PROFITABILITY OF DAMAGING ACTIVITIES
	)/over n years,ending in year m,ending in year m
		+over n years)
	Units: $/(Year*units)
	
(180)	ending in year m=
		2100
	Units: Year [2000,2100,1]
	
(181)	over n years=
		5
	Units: Year [1,10,1]
	
(182)	over y years=
		2
	Units: Year [0,20,1]
	
(183)	starting in year x=
		2030
	Units: Year [2000,2100,5]
	
(184)	total pct change in d prof=
		0.15
	Units: Dmnl [-1,1,0.05]
	Temporary fractional change in damaging use profitability to be 
			added by model user.